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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
Jane's faith
Feb 8 2009, 7:16 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 8 2009, 7:16 PM EST
Jane Seymour was a Catholic, yet she married Henry in the new Church of England. According to Catholic doctrine, marriages performed in another church are sacramentally invalid. This would render their son a "bastard" in that sense. Has this subject been discussed in any writings to the knowledge of our members, or was it a point of interest at all to Henry at this time? Do you find this valuable?    
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
1. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 8 2009, 7:18 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 8 2009, 7:18 PM EST
Part II: Unless they WERE married in the church, and I am not sure about this. I know she was considered his "first real wife" by many. Can somebody PLEASE clear this up for me? I'm in muddle. Thanks Do you find this valuable?    
Boudica
Boudica
2. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 10:30 AM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 10:30 AM EST
"Jane Seymour was a Catholic, yet she married Henry in the new Church of England. According to Catholic doctrine, marriages performed in another church are sacramentally invalid. This would render their son a "bastard" in that sense. Has this subject been discussed in any writings to the knowledge of our members, or was it a point of interest at all to Henry at this time? "
That is a REALLY interesting question and I would love to find the answer too. I would love to see if there's a historical argument if the marriage is valid, because while England and this time technically had a new religion, they maintained the sacraments of the Catholic church. It's recorded that Henry and Jane went to Mass but so far I haven't read anything else that suggests they were married in "the church".

Atleast to some English Catholics, the same impediment that prevented them from acknowleging Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn wasn't present for Henry's third marriage. To all Englishmen, Henry was free to marry, Katherine of Aragon was dead and the marriage of Anne Boleyn had been nullified (although it hadn't been made offical by Parliament until June 28, 1536, Archbishop Cranmer declared it nullified on May 17th) and she was executed. I think most subjects, including Jane herself, regardless of their personal faith, wanted to move on with a new queen consort and I don't think I've ever heard of anybody in England or abroad contesting the legitmacy of Jane's marriage or the status of Prince Edward. Ambassador Chapuys was apparently very pleased with her, although he described her as "haughty", he was glad Henry was done with Anne and was no longer in a union that exacerbated relations between England and Spain. I would be very interested to hear if anybody else has heard otherwise.
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beardedlady
beardedlady
3. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 11:57 AM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 11:57 AM EST
"Jane Seymour was a Catholic, yet she married Henry in the new Church of England. According to Catholic doctrine, marriages performed in another church are sacramentally invalid. This would render their son a "bastard" in that sense. Has this subject been discussed in any writings to the knowledge of our members, or was it a point of interest at all to Henry at this time?

Part II: Unless they WERE married in the church, and I am not sure about this. I know she was considered his "first real wife" by many. Can somebody PLEASE clear this up for me? I'm in muddle. Thanks

"
I am not really sure what your question is but stepping into a church did not make a wedding legal. I don’t even think Henry married Catherine of Aragon in a church? (But Arthur did marry Catherine in a church.) A marriage was not validated until consummation. I am pretty sure his marriage to Jane took place in the Queen’s closet but I am going purely by my aging memory.
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beardedlady
beardedlady
4. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 11:59 AM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 11:59 AM EST
ok I am a little slow today. You don't mean the physical church right? Do you find this valuable?    
Boudica
Boudica
5. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 1:35 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 1:35 PM EST
"ok I am a little slow today. You don't mean the physical church right? "
I think she means a Catholic church, or atleast a ceremony that was according to Catholic rites. Is that correct, Karen?
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annebqueen
annebqueen
6. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 1:43 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 1:43 PM EST
I am catholic. I know that according to them if you get married by a justice of the peace or get married by any means other than in the church, you in the churches eyes are not married. Legally is a different story though . Do you find this valuable?    
angelosdaughter
angelosdaughter
7. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 2:27 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 2:27 PM EST
"Jane Seymour was a Catholic, yet she married Henry in the new Church of England. According to Catholic doctrine, marriages performed in another church are sacramentally invalid. This would render their son a "bastard" in that sense. Has this subject been discussed in any writings to the knowledge of our members, or was it a point of interest at all to Henry at this time? "
No, Henry considered his marriages sacramentally valid; he was the head of the Church of England, and for him it was not 'another church' , just the English Catholic Church. His ecclesiastical authority when he had to consult one, was his Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer who had, after all, been validly appointed to his office by the Pope. It would have been interesting if Cranmer had died while Henry was still alive. I suppose he would have used his authority as head of the English Church to appoint someone else to fill the vacancy., because in his eyes, as head of the English Catholic Church, he now had the authority. I wonder, though, through whom he considered he was granted this authority. Thomas More had gone to the scaffold because he felt that the Pope was granted his office by God and that Parliament had not the jurisdiction to grant that office to anyone else. I suppose that Henry disagreeed and maintained that Parliament did have the jurisdiction, at least in England.
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angelosdaughter
angelosdaughter
8. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 2:38 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 2:38 PM EST
"Part II: Unless they WERE married in the church, and I am not sure about this. I know she was considered his "first real wife" by many. Can somebody PLEASE clear this up for me? I'm in muddle. Thanks"
All of Henry's marriages were sacramental conducted by a cleric, in the case of Jane, by Cranmer, but not always in Church. Henry and Jane were married by Cranmer in the Queen's Closet at Whitehall Palace; it was a private ceremony, although public celebrations were held. The reason Jane was considered the true Queen and wife was that in comparison to when Henry married Anne, his lawful (no one had yet declared the marriage invalid and most of the people of England never would consider it so) wife, Katharine of Aragaon was still alive. When Henry married Jane, he was truly a free man (Katharine had died, and he had executed Anne), so he had no inconvenient ex-wives in the background. 1536 was the 'Year of the Three Queens'.
At the beginning of the year, for at least a few days, Katharine of Aragon was still alive, Anne Boleyn was still alive, and in May after Anne's execution, Henry married Jane, creating yet a third Queen.
I hope this helps.
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Boudica
Boudica
9. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 2:47 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 2:47 PM EST
"No, Henry considered his marriages sacramentally valid; he was the head of the Church of England, and for him it was not 'another church' , just the English Catholic Church. His ecclesiastical authority when he had to consult one, was his Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer who had, after all, been validly appointed to his office by the Pope. It would have been interesting if Cranmer had died while Henry was still alive. I suppose he would have used his authority as head of the English Church to appoint someone else to fill the vacancy., because in his eyes, as head of the English Catholic Church, he now had the authority. I wonder, though, through whom he considered he was granted this authority. Thomas More had gone to the scaffold because he felt that the Pope was granted his office by God and that Parliament had not the jurisdiction to grant that office to anyone else. I suppose that Henry disagreeed and maintained that Parliament did have the jurisdiction, at least in England.
"
It's interesting though because since this thread is about Jane's faith and if Jane thought her marriage was in any way invalid because she was a Catholic, I was reading in Fraser last night and it seems like Jane had the mentality that she was obeying the king by marrying him (i.e. "submitting to the law" as Fraser states it). That's pretty much how I've read in other sources what was going on in Jane's mind before her marriage to Henry, that it was done in obedience.

Jane had refused Henry's request for her to become his mistress earlier by not accepting the purse of coins but that was done because Jane wanted a husband and not to be paid off for a service that would compromise her sense of honor; it played into the game of virtuous courtly love Henry was fond of playing as well as obedience to religious convictions she had. I don't know if Jane felt her marriage was in any way concern because she hadn't married in Catholic custom (if they hadn't), but certainly Henry didn't care. Maybe Jane didn't if Henry didn't?
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angelosdaughter
angelosdaughter
10. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 2:53 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 2:53 PM EST
"All of Henry's marriages were sacramental conducted by a cleric, in the case of Jane, by Cranmer, but not always in Church. Henry and Jane were married by Cranmer in the Queen's Closet at Whitehall Palace; it was a private ceremony, although public celebrations were held. The reason Jane was considered the true Queen and wife was that in comparison to when Henry married Anne, his lawful (no one had yet declared the marriage invalid and most of the people of England never would consider it so) wife, Katharine of Aragaon was still alive. When Henry married Jane, he was truly a free man (Katharine had died, and he had executed Anne), so he had no inconvenient ex-wives in the background. 1536 was the 'Year of the Three Queens'.
At the beginning of the year, for at least a few days, Katharine of Aragon was still alive, Anne Boleyn was still alive, and in May after Anne's execution, Henry married Jane, creating yet a third Queen.
I hope this helps."
Of course, to the Pope, none of Henry's marriages were considered valid, because to the Pope, Henry was no longer a Roman Catholic, but in Henry's eyes he was stil a good Catholic. His English Church, except for being headed by him had all the same rites, sacaraments, and beliefs as the RC. It was not until after Henry that much of the rites, sacraments, and beliefs would change.
I think Henry, if he thought of it at all, would have considered himself in a state of schism with Rome. I don't know if Rome looked at it that way, but it is possible, because Henry did not change any of the basics, i.e. rites, tenets, and sacraments.
I know that the Roman Catholic Church has considered itself in a state of schism with the Greek Orthodox Church since 1054, AD, but considers its sacraments valid. If a Greek Orthodox person converts to Roman Catholicism, he or she does not have to be baptized again, and in my town, a Greek Orthodox lawyer who was shot in court was administered Last Rites by a Roman Catholic priest. Now I have another tangent to research, LOL.
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Boudica
Boudica
11. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 3:03 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 3:03 PM EST
"Of course, to the Pope, none of Henry's marriages were considered valid, because to the Pope, Henry was no longer a Roman Catholic, but in Henry's eyes he was stil a good Catholic. His English Church, except for being headed by him had all the same rites, sacaraments, and beliefs as the RC. It was not until after Henry that much of the rites, sacraments, and beliefs would change.
I think Henry, if he thought of it at all, would have considered himself in a state of schism with Rome. I don't know if Rome looked at it that way, but it is possible, because Henry did not change any of the basics, i.e. rites, tenets, and sacraments.
I know that the Roman Catholic Church has considered itself in a state of schism with the Greek Orthodox Church since 1054, AD, but considers its sacraments valid. If a Greek Orthodox person converts to Roman Catholicism, he or she does not have to be baptized again, and in my town, a Greek Orthodox lawyer who was shot in court was administered Last Rites by a Roman Catholic priest. Now I have another tangent to research, LOL. "
As usual you are so on top of things, AD! So do you think like her husband Jane would not have identified as a Roman Catholic, but rather say an English Catholic? It's worth noting too that Jane clearly was against many of the reforms perpetrated by Cromwell in the name of the King (i.e. the dissolution of the monasteries) but she could have been a Catholic or Catholic leaning within the widening spectrum of Catholicism at that time. It's possible she could have considered herself a good Catholic while still viewing her marriage as valid and lawful.
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angelosdaughter
angelosdaughter
12. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 3:05 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 3:05 PM EST
"It's interesting though because since this thread is about Jane's faith and if Jane thought her marriage was in any way invalid because she was a Catholic, I was reading in Fraser last night and it seems like Jane had the mentality that she was obeying the king by marrying him (i.e. "submitting to the law" as Fraser states it). That's pretty much how I've read in other sources what was going on in Jane's mind before her marriage to Henry, that it was done in obedience.

Jane had refused Henry's request for her to become his mistress earlier by not accepting the purse of coins but that was done because Jane wanted a husband and not to be paid off for a service that would compromise her sense of honor; it played into the game of virtuous courtly love Henry was fond of playing as well as obedience to religious convictions she had. I don't know if Jane felt her marriage was in any way concern because she hadn't married in Catholic custom (if they hadn't), but certainly Henry didn't care. Maybe Jane didn't if Henry didn't?"
At this time in England, it would be hard to tell what was meant by "Catholic sympatihes'; it could mean 'Roman Catholic" or it could mean just "Catholic" as Henry understood it versus Reformist or Lutheran. Given Jane's sympathy for the Princess Mary and her loyalty to her mother, in her case, her sympathies were Roman Catholic, but since Henry was 'the law' and by marrying him she submitted to 'the law', she probably didn't think about it much, because all the prayers and sacraments were the same as those she had always known. She might have harbored a secret wish to re-unite Henry with Rome, and, who knows, if she had lived, Jane might have tried.
What I find interesting in Jane, is that even though both of her brothers were of Reformist views, she, the supposed meek, pawn with no mind of her own, would hold to the old faith.
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angelosdaughter
angelosdaughter
13. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 3:12 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 3:12 PM EST
"As usual you are so on top of things, AD! So do you think like her husband Jane would not have identified as a Roman Catholic, but rather say an English Catholic? It's worth noting too that Jane clearly was against many of the reforms perpetrated by Cromwell in the name of the King (i.e. the dissolution of the monasteries) but she could have been a Catholic or Catholic leaning within the widening spectrum of Catholicism at that time. It's possible she could have considered herself a good Catholic while still viewing her marriage as valid and lawful."
In her secret heart, Jane probably thought of herself as a Roman Catholic, but as Queen she would have had to conform to the official religion of the court. I doubt that anyone would have asked her opinion on the matter. As you say, in her actions her sympathies can be seen, or as the saying is, 'Actions speak louder than words'.
And as far as the validity of her marriage: she was married to Henry by an archbishop appointed by the Pope in a ceremony that had not changed from the Roman Catholic, so yes, I think Jane would have viewed her marriage as valid.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
14. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 5:38 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 5:38 PM EST
"I am not really sure what your question is but stepping into a church did not make a wedding legal. I don’t even think Henry married Catherine of Aragon in a church? (But Arthur did marry Catherine in a church.) A marriage was not validated until consummation. I am pretty sure his marriage to Jane took place in the Queen’s closet but I am going purely by my aging memory."
I am not referring to stepping into a church (building). The CAtholic church has seven sacraments (which Henry upheld in a thesis) and one is one marriage to one spouse until death, If you remarry someone outside of the church without the proper sacramental liturgy, it was not considered valid. Liturgy includes the prayers and the eucharist. The eucharist in the Anglican church would not be transubstantiated (i.e., the real body and blood of christ). Only in the Catholic church is the eucharist considered to be the real presence, in all other Christian faiths it is a memorial (symbol).
Here we have a mixture of the sacred (church) and the secular (government), which Henry did confuse when he became the figurehead over the Church of England. I don't think Roman Catholic church accepted that as valid, hence his marriage would be valid by law, but not in the church. And at that point, he was excommunicated, so he probably didn't care.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
15. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 5:40 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 5:40 PM EST
"All of Henry's marriages were sacramental conducted by a cleric, in the case of Jane, by Cranmer, but not always in Church. Henry and Jane were married by Cranmer in the Queen's Closet at Whitehall Palace; it was a private ceremony, although public celebrations were held. The reason Jane was considered the true Queen and wife was that in comparison to when Henry married Anne, his lawful (no one had yet declared the marriage invalid and most of the people of England never would consider it so) wife, Katharine of Aragaon was still alive. When Henry married Jane, he was truly a free man (Katharine had died, and he had executed Anne), so he had no inconvenient ex-wives in the background. 1536 was the 'Year of the Three Queens'.
At the beginning of the year, for at least a few days, Katharine of Aragon was still alive, Anne Boleyn was still alive, and in May after Anne's execution, Henry married Jane, creating yet a third Queen.
I hope this helps."
I know both wives were deceased and that rendered Henry eligible to remarry. But he was married by Crammer, a protestant. So his son would technically be a "bastard" under church law.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
16. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 5:46 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 5:46 PM EST
"It's interesting though because since this thread is about Jane's faith and if Jane thought her marriage was in any way invalid because she was a Catholic, I was reading in Fraser last night and it seems like Jane had the mentality that she was obeying the king by marrying him (i.e. "submitting to the law" as Fraser states it). That's pretty much how I've read in other sources what was going on in Jane's mind before her marriage to Henry, that it was done in obedience.

Jane had refused Henry's request for her to become his mistress earlier by not accepting the purse of coins but that was done because Jane wanted a husband and not to be paid off for a service that would compromise her sense of honor; it played into the game of virtuous courtly love Henry was fond of playing as well as obedience to religious convictions she had. I don't know if Jane felt her marriage was in any way concern because she hadn't married in Catholic custom (if they hadn't), but certainly Henry didn't care. Maybe Jane didn't if Henry didn't?"
I agree except when you say "catholic custom" because there is a vast difference between custom and dogma. The marriage rite has remained through the centuries; if Jane decided to go outside of the church to get married, she also decided that in the event she would die (and she did!) she would have not been in the state of grace, because she willingly and deliberately married outside of church law. It's not just "the Pope was in charge", it's not that simple. The Pope was considered the successor of St. Peter and in office to uphold the sacraments of Christ (which Jesus outlined in the Gospel). As far as The Pope, well, "the buck stopped there". The Pope is not infallible in all cases, one can believe some things commonly not accepted. But marriage outside of the church is not one of them.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
17. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 5:47 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 5:47 PM EST
"As usual you are so on top of things, AD! So do you think like her husband Jane would not have identified as a Roman Catholic, but rather say an English Catholic? It's worth noting too that Jane clearly was against many of the reforms perpetrated by Cromwell in the name of the King (i.e. the dissolution of the monasteries) but she could have been a Catholic or Catholic leaning within the widening spectrum of Catholicism at that time. It's possible she could have considered herself a good Catholic while still viewing her marriage as valid and lawful."
Well, since the liturgy was so similar, Jane could have done just as well converting to Anglicanism, that would have pleased Henry, and solved that problem. I wonder why he did not ask this of her? After all, it was his church and she was his wife.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
18. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 5:51 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 5:51 PM EST
"In her secret heart, Jane probably thought of herself as a Roman Catholic, but as Queen she would have had to conform to the official religion of the court. I doubt that anyone would have asked her opinion on the matter. As you say, in her actions her sympathies can be seen, or as the saying is, 'Actions speak louder than words'.
And as far as the validity of her marriage: she was married to Henry by an archbishop appointed by the Pope in a ceremony that had not changed from the Roman Catholic, so yes, I think Jane would have viewed her marriage as valid. "
I doubt it, because she knew Henry broke from Rome, The Pope and was excommunicated. She was not that stupid. Saying "English Catholic" or "Catholic Sympathies" is like saying "Hungarian Jews" or "Polish Jews". It is what it is. Even John Knox said one Catholic Mass was to be feared more than armies. A lot of people hate(d) Catholicism due to superstition, etc. The main difference between Catholic and other Christian Faiths is it cannot be changed or watered down, the liturgy and the prayers have been the same for centuries in fidelity to the original church. Vatican II changed a lot of this and there is still backlash. But the thread is: Was Jane and Henry's marriage valid? Yes in the secular legal sense, no in the church sense.
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karenofbethany
karenofbethany
19. RE: Jane's faith
Feb 9 2009, 6:00 PM EST | Post edited: Feb 9 2009, 6:00 PM EST
Anyone who wants them can have Last Rites; nobody is outside of the mercy of God. It's all about pre-mediated, deliberate and fully knowledgeable actions. Do you find this valuable?    
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