View source for POLITICS of the Tudor Court

<div class="WPC-editableContent"><br/><div align="left"> <table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-border-all" width="750">  <tr> <td bgcolor="#270640" class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColorWPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="50%"> <br/><div align="center"> <font color="#ffffff"><font size="7"><font face="harrington"><b>Tudor<br/>Court<br/>Politics</b></font></font></font></div> <div align="center"> <font color="#ffffff" face="Times" size="6"><b><br/> </b></font></div> <div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"> <font size="2">Want to edit this page?</font></div> <div align="center"> <font size="2">Click EasyEdit to update this page! </font><font size="2">(</font><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Don't see the <i>EasyEdit </i>button above? </font></div> <div align="center"> <font color="#ffffff"><a href="/#signin" target="_self"><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">Sign in</font></a><font size="2"> or </font><a href="/accountnew" target="_self"><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">Sign up</font></a></font><font color="#ffffff" size="2">.)</font> </div></td> <td width="50%"> <br/><div align="center"> [[File:BYxQ3iu25pucPLsxv2equw60068.jpeg|560px|tudors]]</div></td></tr></table></div><div align="left"> <table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-border-all" width="750">  <tr> <td class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="100%"> <div align="center"> <font color="#ffffff"><font size="7"><font face="harrington"><b>The King</b></font></font></font><font size="7"><u> </u></font></div> <div align="center"> [[File:HZFdqF9fiGerxLfOe-Iz4Q32127.jpeg|254px|Henry's crown season 1 episode 1]]</div> <div align="center"> <b><font color="#ffa500" face="Garamond" size="6">Personal Monarchy</font></b><br/><font face="Times" size="5">Government is the response </font><font face="Times" size="5"><br/></font><font face="Times" size="5">to the will of ONE man. </font><br/>"the life, the head, and the authority of all things that be done in this realm of England." ~ Sir Thomas Smith<br/><font face="Garamond" size="5"><br/></font></div></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#270640" class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColorWPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="100%"><u><font face="Garamond" size="5"><b><br/><font face="Times">Consequences:</font></b></font></u><br/><font face="Garamond" size="5">- Royal authority operated in terms of Royal favour</font><br/><font face="Garamond" size="5">- Executive authority given to the men the King trusted</font><br/><font face="Garamond" size="5">- A Struggle for power by competing for the King's favour<br/><br/></font></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><b><br/>LINKS:</b><br/><br/><ul><li><a class="external" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/YaleCourses#p/c/18B9F132DFD967A3/1/fVErdGUN_Jk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="The Structures of Power">The Structures of Power</a> Yale University course (44 min video) #6 in the course : Early Modern England: Politics, Religion, and Society under the Tudors and Stuarts with Keith E. Wrightson</li></ul><br/><br/></td></tr></table></div> <div align="left"> <table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-border-all" width="750">  <tr> <td class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="100%"> <b><font color="#ffa500" face="Garamond" size="5">FACTION</font></b> <font face="Times" size="4">in Tudor England was crucial in Tudor Politics. Throughout history faction is the form politics takes when its focus is the will of one man. Factions can be compared to the political parties of today, however ties in Tudor faction were organic, not idealogical. They emerged from the realities of family relationships (good and bad), friendship &amp; antagonism, locality, sponsorship, upbringing. </font><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="4">Some groupings and antagonisms lasted for years, yet because the ultimate concern was to promote objectives in and through individuals, calculations could alter as circumstances changed. </font><font face="Times" size="4">[[Anne Boleyn]]</font><font face="Times" size="4">'s fall was a consequence of precisely such a recalculation among some of her supporters.</font><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="4">However, a Monarch should be able to exploit competition for his favour on the "divide &amp; rule" principle (something Elizabeth I would make into an art form). Henry was always in authority; he was nobody's fool; at times he did lead and he could not be taken for granted. But he was also significantly dependant on those around him.</font><br/><br/><font face="Times" size="4">Factions did not always get their way, but on the right issues and in the right emotional circumstances he was vulnerable and men (&amp; some women) calculated accordingly</font><i>.[E.Ives]</i></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#270640" class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="100%"><br/></td></tr><tr> <td width="100%"> <font size="2">"<font size="4"><font face="Times"><i>Courts are strange, mysterious places; those who pretend most to despise them seek to gain admittance within their precincts; those who obtain an entrance there generally lament their fate, and yet somehow or other cannot break their chains.... Intrigues, jealousies, heart-burnings, lies, dissimulation thrive in [courts] as mushrooms in a hot bed. Nevertheless they are necessary evils, and they afford a great school both for the heart and the head. It is utterly impossible, so long as the world exists, that similar societies should not exist also; and one may as well declaim against every other defect attendant upon human institutions and endeavour to extirpate crime from the world as pretend to put down courts and their concomitant evils</i>"</font></font> Queen Caroline 1838</font></td></tr></table><br/><br/><br/><div align="left"> <table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-border-all" width="750">  <tr> <td bgcolor="#270640" class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColorWPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="100%"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="7"><font face="harrington"><b>Court Factions </b></font></font></font><font face="Times"><b><font color="#ffffff"><font size="5">1529 - 1547</font></font></b></font></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><br/><div align="center">[[File:GJ5i3TR0CkMIZD2WIQbN9A55126.jpeg|555px|The Tudors Banner]]</div></td></tr></table></div><div align="left"><table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-border-all" width="750"><tr><td align="center" class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="50%"><font color="#ffa500"><b><font face="Times" size="5">Evangelical/Reformist  Faction</font></b><br/></font><br/><br/><div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"> [[File:ZTAr iAn7M6JlpAktbsydw201658.jpeg|67px|Anne Boleyn's coronation]][[File:OwrP7esbJmiEgHsSnBkAhA15190.jpeg|67px|Anne of Cleves as played by Joss Stone]][[File:UgtHZfXMWIo2qRIY4YCbRA50961.jpeg|61px|Catherine Parr]]<font size="4"><i><font face="Garamond"><br/>[[File:YnkyF6b4p9EkhXsUWEZGRw42186.jpeg|67px|Edward Tudor as played by Eoin Murtagh]]</font></i></font>[[File:RNXiE4kHXuM-HOjMN025WQ27195.jpeg|73px|Princess Elizabeth as  played by Laoise Murray]]</div><div align="center"></div><font size="2"><b>Figureheads:</b></font> <font color="#90d6d6" size="2"><br/>[[Anne Boleyn|Anne  Boleyn]]</font><font size="2"> <br/>[[Catherine Parr|Catherine  Parr]]<br/><br/>&amp; eventually <br/>[[Prince Edward Tudor|Edward  Tudor]] <br/><font color="#90d6d6">[[Princess Elizabeth Tudor|Elizabeth Tudor]]</font></font> <br/><br/><font size="2">[[Anne of Cleves|Anne  of Cleves]] - although personally a catholic,<br/></font><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Cleves was a member of [[the Schmalkaldic League]]</font><font color="#ffffff" size="2"> <br/>of Protestant Princes</font><font size="2"> which tied in <br/>with   the Evangelical/Reform faction.</font><br/><br/><u><br/>Supporters</u> <br/><font color="#ffa500" size="2">Shown on the series:</font> <br/><font size="2">[[Thomas Cranmer]]</font><br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Sir Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[George Boleyn]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Henry Norris]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Thomas Wyatt]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Mark Smeaton]]</font> <br/><br/><br/><font size="2">[[Thomas Cromwell, Earl of essex|Thomas Cromwell]] switched  factions<br/>as it suited him but generally seen as a reformist.</font><br/><br/><font face="Times"><b>Later:</b></font><font color="#90d6d6" size="2"><br/>[[Edward Seymour|Edward  Seymour]]</font> <br/><font size="2">[[Anne Stanhope]]</font><br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Thomas Seymour|Thomas  Seymour]]</font> <br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Catherine Brandon|Catherine  Brandon]]</font> nee Willoughby, Duchess of Suffolk (surname Brooke  in the series)</font> <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><font color="#ffa500" size="2"><br/>Not shown on the series:</font> <br/><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Richard Page</font> <br/><font size="2">Frances Weston</font> <br/><font size="2">William Carey ( Husband of </font><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Mary Boleyn]]</font></font><font size="2">)</font><br/><font size="2">Sir Thomas Cheney<br/><br/></font><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Sir  William Cecil</font> <br/><font size="2">Sir Nicolas Throckmorton</font> <font size="2">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</font></td> <td class="WPC-edit-custom-bgColor" width="50%"><div align="center"> <font color="#ffa500"><b><font face="Times" size="5">Conservative/</font><font face="Times" size="5">Catholic Faction</font></b></font><br/><font size="2">Origins go back to Henry VII and also referred to as  "Aragonese", "the Stafford-Neville" &amp; later "the Neville-Courtenay"  connection &amp; would last many centuries</font> <br/><div align="center"> <div align="center">[[File:UlnQuQVlTfCIY5Nb9dEk0w37747.jpeg|69px|katherine Howard as  played by  Tamzin Merchant|link=Anne Boleyn]][[File:K1sZhc60Yx8pJB2aNhRSRg4810.jpeg|76px|Tudor Court Politics - The  Tudors Wiki|link=Anne Boleyn]][[File:I99L3KY0h5KLO3Hswdz3Q27186.jpeg|75px|Katherine of Aragon's crown]]<br/>[[File:Z27qzpa5YCX1W-vaiAC7hw11119.jpeg|67px|Princess Mary Tudor]]</div> </div><div align="center"></div><font size="2"><b><br/>Figureheads </b>:</font><font size="2"><br/>[[Queen Katherine of Aragon|Katherine of Aragon]]<br/><font color="#90d6d6">[[Princess Mary Tudor|Mary  Tudor]]</font></font> <br/><font size="2">[[Jane Seymour|Jane  Seymour]]</font><br/><font size="2">[[Katherine Howard|Katherine  Howard]]</font><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><u>Supporters</u> <br/><font color="#ffa500" size="2">Shown on the series:</font> <br/><br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]</font> whose downfall was   <br/>orchestrated by the Boleyn faction at court</font> <br/>a<font size="2">nd  alrhough politics always came first, <br/>was a catholic conservative.</font><br/><br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Sir Thomas More|Sir  Thomas More]]</font> <br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Princess Margaret Tudor]]</font> (Mary Tudor - Henry's  sister)</font> <br/>[[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk]] <br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]]</font> <br/>[[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey]]</font><br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Ambassador Chapuys|Ambassador  Chapuys]]</font> <br/><font color="#90d6d6" size="2">[[Pope Paul III|Pope  Paul III]]</font> <br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Charles V]]</font></font><font size="2"> </font><br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Lady Salisbury|Lady  Salisbury]]</font></font> <font size="2">- Margaret Pole</font><br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Lord Darcy|Lord  Darcy]]</font></font><br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Reginald Pole|Reginald  Pole]]</font></font><br/><font size="2">[[John Seymour|John  Seymour]]</font><br/><font size="2">[[Henry Pole|Henry  Pole]], Lord Montague<br/></font> <font size="2">[[Bishop Stephen Gardiner]] </font><font size="2">Thomas  Wriothesley ([[Risley]])</font><br/><br/><font size="2">[[Francis Bryan|Francis  Bryan]] - switched factions as it suited him</font><br/><br/><font size="2"><font color="#90d6d6">[[Henry Fitzroy|Henry   Fitzroy]]</font> - Henry's illegitimate son<br/>had his own faction  until  his early death<br/></font>but generally conservative<br/><br/><font color="#ffa500" size="2">Not shown  on the series:</font> <br/><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Sir Nicholas  Carewe (one of [[Anne Boleyn]]'s bitterest enemies)</font> <font color="#ffffff" size="2"><br/>George Neville, </font><font size="2"><br/></font><font color="#ffffff" size="2">Lord Burgavenny</font><font size="2"><br/></font><font size="2">Sir Edward Neville</font><font size="2"><br/></font><font size="2">Henry Courtenay,  Earl of Devon<br/></font> <font size="2">Lord Thomas Hussey</font></div><font color="#ffa500" size="2"><br/></font><font size="2"><br/></font></td> </tr></table></div><br/><br/><table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-style-grid1 WPC-edit-border-all WPC-edit-styleData-color1=%23191919&amp;color2=%23474747" width="750"><tr><td class="" width="100%"><br/><div align="center"><embed allowfullscreen="true" height="340" src="http://widget.wetpaintserv.us/wiki/thetudorswiki/widget/youtubevideo/e2cc579401905d1a8de09cf21c609cc9475b0331" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" wmode="transparent"/><br/>Experts discuss how politics worked in Henry VIII's Tudor England <br/>[source: <a class="external" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoricRoyalPalaces" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">HistoricRoyalPalaces</a>May 22, 2009]</div></td></tr></table><br/><br/><b>LITERATURE:</b></div> <table align="bottom" cellpadding="3" class="WPC-edit-style-grid1 WPC-edit-border-all WPC-edit-styleData-color1=%23191919&amp;color2=%23474747" width="750">  <tr> <td class="" width="100%"> <ol> <li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GR Elton, <i>Reform and reformation</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EW Ives, <i>Faction in Tudor England</i> (Historical Association pamphlet)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'The age of the household' in Stephen Medcalf, ed, <i>The later middle ages</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">JJ Scarisbrick, <i>Henry VIII</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey, <i>The reign of Henry VIII: personalities and politics</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GR Elton, <i>The Tudor revolution in government</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">C Coleman and D Starkey, eds., <i>Revolution reassessed: revisions in the history of Tudor government and administration</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">D MacCulloch, ed., <i>The reign of Henry VIII. Politics, policy and piety</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">J Guy ed., <i>The Tudor monarchy</i></font> </li><li> <font size="4">G. W. Bernard, <i>Power and Politics in Tudor England</i>. 2000</font> </li><li>  John McGurk<font size="4"><i> </i>ed<i>., The Tudor Monarchies, 1485-1603 </i>CUP 1999</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GR Elton 'Tudor Government: the points of contact: III The Court', <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>, 1976</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">M Girouard, <i>Life in the English country house</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'Representation through Intimacy' in Joan Lewis, ed, <i>Symbols and sentiments</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">JA Murphy 'Popinjays or professionals: officers and ministers of the mid-Tudor household', <i>Exeter Studies in History</i>, 1981</font> </li><li> <font size="4">Richard Rex, <i>The Tudors</i>, Stroud 2002</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">G Bernard 'The rise of Sir [[William Compton]], early Tudor courtier' <i>English Historical Review</i>, 96 (1981)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">G Bernard, T<i>he power of the early Tudor nobility: a study of the fourth and fifth earls of Shrewsbury</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GR Elton, 'Politics and the Pilgrimage of Grace' in B Malament, ed, <i>After the Reformation</i> (also in Elton's Studies in Tudor and Stuart politics and government, vol 3)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EW Ives, Letters and Accounts of [[William Brereton]] of Malpas, <i>Record society of Lancashire and Cheshire</i>, 116 (1976)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EW Ives, 'Faction at the court of Henry VIII: the fall of [[Anne Boleyn]]' <i>History</i> 57 (1972)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">JA Guy, <i>The public career of [[Sir Thomas More]]</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'Igtham Mote: Politics and architecture in early Tudor England' <i>Archaeologia</i>, 107 (1981) -- summarized in <i>History Today</i> 30 (1980)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Narasingha Prosad Sil 'The rise and fall of Sir John Gates' <i>Historical Journal</i> 24 (1981)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'The political structure of early Tudor England' in M Falkus and J Gillingham, eds, <i>Historical Atlas of Great Britain</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Diane Willen, <i>John Russell, first earl of Bedford: one of the king's men</i></font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'From feud to faction: English politics c.1450- c.1550' <i>History Today</i> 32, (1982)</font> </li><li> <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Starkey 'Court, council, and nobility in Tudor England', in RG Asch and AM Burke ed., <i>Princes, patronage and the nobility</i>.</font> </li></ol></td></tr></table><br/><br/><br/><br/><div align="left"> </div><br/><br/><div align="left"> </div> <div align="left"> </div><br/><div></div><br/><div></div><br/><div></div><br/><div></div><br/><div></div><br/><div></div><br/></div>